Giga (symbol: G) is a prefix in the SI system of units denoting 109, or 1 000 000 000.Confirmed in 1960, it comes from the Greek γίγας, meaning giant. In computing, giga can sometimes mean
1 073 741 824 (230) for information units, eg gigabit or gigabyte, but can also denote 1 000 000
000 of other quantities e.g. transfer rates: 1 gigabit/s = 1 000 000 000 bit/s. (The binary prefix gibi has been suggested for 230, to resolve this ambiguity, but had yet to achieve widespread usage). In speech, gigabyte is often abbreviated to gig, as in “This is a ten-gig hard drive”. The initial G in giga- is usually pronounced hard as in geek, not soft as in giant
SI prefixes 10n Prefix Symbol scale Decimal Equivalent
109 giga G Billion 1 000 000 000
106 mega M Million 1 000 000
103 kilo k Thousand 1 000
102 hecto h Hundred 100
101 deca, deka da Ten 10
10−1 deci d Tenth 0.1
10−2 centi c Hundredth 0.01
10−3 milli m Thousandth 0.001
10−6 micro Millionth 0.000 001
10−9 nano n Billionth Milliardth 0.000 000 001
10−12 pico p Billionth 0.000 000 000 001
2.3 CONVERSIONS: SI TO IMPERIAL; DEGREES F TO DEGREES C
2.3.1 Metric to Imperial conversion factors
SI / Imperial conversion Imperial (Column 3) times the conversion factor (Column 4) gives you one of the SI units (Column 1)
1.SI Unit 2.SI Symbol 3. Imperial Unit 4. Conversion Factor
Millimeter mm inch 0.03937
Centimeter cm inch 0.3937
Metre m yard 0.9144
Square metre m2 yd2 0.8361
Litre l pint 0.5682
*Kilogram Kg lb (pounds) 0.4536
*gram g ounce 0.035274
*tone t ton (long) 0.9842
micrometre um 1/1000i n 0.03937
Example To convert Pounds to kilograms, multiply by 0.453 Kilograms to pounds, multiply by 2.2046 (1/.453) Ounces to grams, multiply by28.349 (1/.035) Grams to ounces, multiply by .035 Long tons (2240 lbs.) to tones, multiply by 1.016 Tones to long tons, multiply by 0.98 (1/1.016) |
Exercise In computing giga can mean two things, what are these? |
2.3.2 Temperature conversions
The Fahrenheit scale is in general usage in English-speaking countries.
Chemists usually use the Celcius scale, established by Anders Celcius (1701-1744), which assigns zero degrees to the freezing point of air saturated water and 100 degrees to boiling water at one atmosphere. In the Fahrenheit scale water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees.
So a temperature difference of 100° C is 180° F. The ratio 100/180 can be reduced to 5/9. To convert from degrees F to degrees C we have to subtract 32 and multiply by 5/9. To convert from degrees C to degrees F we have to multiply by 9/5 (which gives you Fahrenheit sized degrees) and then add 32 (which adjusts for the offset).
Let’s convert the boiling temperature of water as 212° F to Celsius.
212 – 32 = 180. 180 x 5/9 = 100.
A comfortable room temperature is 72° F. Let’s convert that to Celsius.
72 – 32 = 40. 40 x 5/9 = 22.2.
25° C is used as a “standard” temperature. Let’s convert that to Fahrenheit.
25 x 9/5 = 45. 45 + 32 = 77.
The 32 that we add or subtract is in degrees Fahrenheit, so we always add
or subtract to the temperature in Fahrenheit sized degrees.
Fahrenheit to Celsius, subtracts 32, divide by 1.8 Celsius to Fahrenheit, multiply by1.8, add 32
Exercise Convert the following a) -10 °C =? °F b) 0 °C =? °F c) 10 °C =? °F d) 5, 6 g =? Ounces e) 1000 pounds =? kg
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